As people age, bone strength and muscle elasticity and tone tend to decrease. The discs begin to lose fluid and flexibility, which decreases their ability to cushion the vertebrae.
Lower back pain can occur when, for example, someone lifts something too heavy or over stretches, causing a sprain, strain, or spasm in one of the muscles or ligaments in the back. If the spine becomes overly strained or compressed, a disc may rupture or bulge outward.
This rupture may put pressure on one of the more than 50 nerves rooted to the spinal cord that control body movements and transmit signals from the body to the brain. When these nerve roots become compressed or irritated, lower back pain results.
Lower back pain may reflect nerve or muscle irritation or bone lesions. Most lower back pain follows injury or trauma to the back, but pain may also be caused by degenerative conditions such as arthritis or disc disease, osteoporosis or other bone diseases, viral infections, irritation to joints and discs, or congenital abnormalities in the spine.
Obesity, smoking, weight gain during pregnancy, stress, poor physical condition, posture inappropriate for the activity being performed, and poor sleeping position also may contribute to lower back pain.
Additionally, scar tissue created when the injured back heals itself does not have the strength or flexibility of normal tissue. Buildup of scar tissue from repeated injuries eventually weakens the back and can lead to more serious injury.
Occasionally, lower back pain may indicate a more serious medical problem. Pain accompanied by fever or loss of bowel or bladder control, pain when coughing, and progressive weakness in the legs may indicate a pinched nerve or other serious condition. People with diabetes may have severe lower back pain or pain radiating down the leg related to neuropathy. People with these symptoms should contact a doctor immediately to help prevent permanent damage.
Links About Back Pain
You can lean a lot more about the cause of back pain by visiting these web sites on the Internet
- ClinicalTrials.gov: Back Pain (National Institutes of Health)
- ClinicalTrials.gov: Low Back Pain (National Institutes of Health)
- Low Back Pain: Tips on Pain Relief and Prevention (American Academy of Family Physicians)
- Lower Back Pain (American Academy of Family Physicians)
- Prevent Back Pain (Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion)
- Facet Joint Syndrome (Cleveland Clinic Foundation)
- Spinal Manipulation for Low-Back Pain (National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
- Iyengar Yoga for Chronic Low-Back Pain Shows Promising Results (National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
- Don’t Let Back Pain Get You Down: Learn How to Minimize Your Risk (National Institutes of Health)
- Lifting Techniques for Home Caregivers (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
- Low Back Pain (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
- Kyphoplasty (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
- Low Back Pain Exercise Guide (American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons)
- Test Your Back Health IQ (American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation)
- Disc Replacement for Low Back Pain (American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation)
- Household Chores to Build Functional Fitness (American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation)
- Housework (American Chiropractic Association)
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Low Back Pain (American Pain Society, American College of Physicians) -PDF
- Physical Therapy Is Effective for Management of Low-Back Pain (American Physical Therapy Association)
- Find a Physical Therapist (American Physical Therapy Association)
- Find a Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Physician (American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation)
- Back Pain (DSHI Systems)
- Chronic Back Pain (DSHI Systems)
- If I Had – Low Back Pain (Insidermedicine)
- Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (InteliHealth)
- Discography (North American Spine Society) -PDF
- Back Pain Prevention (North American Spine Society)
- Epidural Steroid Injections (North American Spine Society)
- Surgical Options (North American Spine Society)
- Back Surgery: When Is It a Good Idea? (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
- Back Pain at Work: Preventing Aches, Pains and Injuries (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
- Back Pain Guide (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
- Inversion Therapy: Can It Relieve Back Pain? (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
- Prolotherapy: An Effective Treatment for Low Back Pain? (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
- Sacroiliitis (Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research)
- National Pain Foundation
- Back and Neck Pain: Injections and Surgery (National Pain Foundation)
- Back and Neck Pain: Medications (National Pain Foundation)
- Causes of Back and Neck Pain (National Pain Foundation)
- Psychology of Pain: Back and Neck Pain (National Pain Foundation)
- Anatomy of the Spine (National Pain Foundation)
- Back and Neck Pain (National Pain Foundation)
- Article: Effectiveness of holistic physiotherapy for low back pain.
- Article: Randomised controlled trial of integrated care to reduce disability from…
- Article: Will this patient develop persistent disabling low back pain?
- Back Pain — see more articles
- Low Back Strain and Sprain (American Association of Neurological Surgeons)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases
- Back Pain (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
- Low Back Pain (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke)
- Repetitive Motion Disorders (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke) -Short Summary
- More News on Back Pain
- MedlinePlus: Chiropractic (National Library of Medicine)
- Low Back Pain and CAM (Complementary and Alternative Medicine)
- Complex Spinal Operations Soar Despite Drawbacks (04/06/2010, HealthDay)
- Health Tip: Signs That You Have Sciatica (03/31/2010, HealthDay)
- Rehab Program Gets Back Pain Patients Back to Work Sooner (03/17/2010, HealthDay)
- Back Exercises (Patient Education Institute)
- Back Exercises (Patient Education Institute)
- Back Pain – How to Prevent (Patient Education Institute)
- Pain Facts & Figures (American Pain Foundation)

